Prochain Séminaire de la FIP :
Accéder au programme
Retrouvez toutes les informations pour vos stages :
Stages L3
Stages M1 ICFP
Actualités : Séminaire de Recherche ICFP
du 14 au 18 novembre 2022 :
Retrouvez le programme complet
Contact - Secrétariat de l’enseignement :
Tél : 01 44 32 35 60
enseignement@phys.ens.fr
r>
Prochain Séminaire de la FIP :
Accéder au programme
Retrouvez toutes les informations pour vos stages :
Stages L3
Stages M1 ICFP
Actualités : Séminaire de Recherche ICFP
du 14 au 18 novembre 2022 :
Retrouvez le programme complet
Contact - Secrétariat de l’enseignement :
Tél : 01 44 32 35 60
enseignement@phys.ens.fr
r>
Enseignant : Nick Kaiser
Chargé des TD : Erwan Allys
ECTS : 3
Langue d’enseignement : Anglais
Site web :
Newtonian gravity - 1=r2 force - potential, gravity and tidal -elds - Pois-
son’s equation. Similar to electricity/magnetism - key di-erence (Galileo). 1905 : Special relativity -
4-vectors & tensors as the language of physics - conservation laws ; particle number, charge, energy
& momentum. 1910 : Einstein’s \happiest thought" - equivalence principle - gravitational redshift
space-time is `warped’ - particles follow geodesics in a curved space-time. 1915 : Einstein’s -eld
equations.
Principles : no absolute velocity ; constancy of c - time dilation & length
contraction - simultaneity. Reference frames : clocks, rulers and events. Lorentz transformation : boosts
as 4-vector `rotations’ in non-Euclidean space-time. Time-like, space-like and null displacements.
Invariance of ds2. Twin & other paradoxes. Particle trajectories : proper-time - 4-velocity. Momentum
why p =
mv - 4-momentum, E = mc2. Particle kinematics. Other 4-vectors : number & charge
density - the EM -eld - stress, energy and momentum conservation. Other invariants.
Formal de-nition of a vector - transformation laws. Vector
algebra - basis vectors - components. Scalar products. De-nition of tensors : 1-forms (gradient vectors)
the basis for 1-forms - the metric tensor. General tensors - transformation laws - index raising and
lowering - di-erentiation of tensors. Tensor algebra and calculus in arbitrary coordinate systems -
generalisation of Lorentz matrix - curves and tangent vectors - (covariant) derivatives of vectors - the
connection/Christo-el symbols - relation to the metric - derivatives of 1-forms and general tensors.
Preface : relation of gravity to curvature - gravitational time dilation. Curved
manifolds - metric and local
atness. Covariant di-erentiation. Parallel transport, geodesics and
curvature. Geodesic deviation. The gravitational -eld : curvature tensor R - how we measure curvature
relation to the Newtonian tidal -eld. Bianchi identities : Ricci and Einstein tensors.
Founding principles : locally Lorentian manifold - metric - equiv-
alence principle(s). Laws of physics in curved space-time - comma ! semi-colon. Einstein’s equations
`geometrized’ units - relativistic generalisation of Poisson’s equation : G = 8-T - cosmological con-
stant -. Weak—eld gravity - the Newtonian limit - gauge transformations - wave equation. The RHS :
T = stress-energy tensor - dust - perfect
uids - collisionless matter - scalar -elds - conservation laws
weak and strong energy conditions.
Coordinates for spherically symmetric space-times. The Schwarzschild
metric. The nature of the `horizon’ at r = 2m. Orbits in Schwarzschild geometry. Precession of the
perihelion of mercury. Other black-hole solutions. Equations of stellar structure for spherical stars
(static perfect
uid). The exterior geometry and the e-ective stress-tensor. Gravitational collapse -
Oppenheimer & Snyder solution - Raychaudhuri and the role of pressure - Hawking & Ellis singularity
theorem.
Lensing by refractive media ; index of refraction - Snell’s law - arrival time
delay - Fermat’s theorem. Refraction (& di-raction) by randomly disturbed medium. Lensing by
gravity ; geodesic equation - extremal paths - e-ective refractive index. Astrophysical applications ;
micro-lensing by stars - weak lensing and large-scale-structure. Lensing as a test of GR.
The propagation of GWs. Detection of GWs. Generation of GWs. The
energy of GWs. Astrophysical sources of GWs. LIGO discoveries. Constraints on modi-ed (i.e.
non-GR) gravity theories. Future GW observatories.
Prochain Séminaire de la FIP :
Accéder au programme
Retrouvez toutes les informations pour vos stages :
Stages L3
Stages M1 ICFP
Actualités : Séminaire de Recherche ICFP
du 14 au 18 novembre 2022 :
Retrouvez le programme complet
Contact - Secrétariat de l’enseignement :
Tél : 01 44 32 35 60
enseignement@phys.ens.fr
r>