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Evolution and measurement of quantum states

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Prochain Séminaire de la FIP :
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Stages L3
Stages M1 ICFP

Actualités : Séminaire de Recherche ICFP
du 14 au 18 novembre 2022 :

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Contact - Secrétariat de l’enseignement :
Tél : 01 44 32 35 60
enseignement@phys.ens.fr

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Faculty : C. Fabre
Tutor : S. Nascimbène
ECTS credits : 3
Language of instruction : English
Web site :

Description

The 2012 Nobel prize has been awarded to S. Haroche and D. Wineland “for ground breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”. The aim of this course is to present the tools and physical concepts that enable to better understand and describe such situations. It shows how to optimally characterize the quantum state of any open quantum system and any realistic, non-ideal, measurement devices. It will also study the general evolution of a quantum state submitted to interactions, relaxation and measurement, as well as the quantum correlations and entanglement in bipartite systems, allowing to generate in a conditional way post-selected quantum states. It will finally consider the quantum limits to physical measurements. The lectures will be illustrated by recent experimental examples.

1) Experimental introduction.

2) The density matrix : a general description of quantum systems.

3) Non ideal measurements on a quantum state, description by Probability Operators of Measurement (POVM) ; examples.

4) Successive measurements and correlations ; Bayes approach of conditional probability.

5) General quantum evolution of systems in terms of quantum maps : Kraus operators, evolution of quantum coherence, evolution of a small system coupled to a large one. Relaxation and decoherence.

6) The measurement as a physical evolution of the system ; Zurek’s model.

7) Bipartite systems : correlations, entanglement and separability ; Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox. Conditional preparation of a quantum state by post-selection ; quantum teleportation ; example of quantum computing.

8) Accuracy and uncertainty in measurements. Heisenberg-Osawa inequality for the perturbation of a system by the measurement. Cramer-Rao bound for the estimation of physical quantities.

Recommended textbooks

Slides of chapter 1

Slides of chapter 2

Documents joints

Accès rapides

Prochain Séminaire de la FIP :
Accéder au programme

Retrouvez toutes les informations pour vos stages :
Stages L3
Stages M1 ICFP

Actualités : Séminaire de Recherche ICFP
du 14 au 18 novembre 2022 :

Retrouvez le programme complet

Contact - Secrétariat de l’enseignement :
Tél : 01 44 32 35 60
enseignement@phys.ens.fr

r>